Egyptian Society for Environmental Sciences
Catrina: The International Journal of Environmental Sciences
1687-5052
2090-2786
3
1
2008
01
01
Systematic Review of the Papaveracea Adans. and Status of Some Genera
1
10
EN
Wafaa
Taia
Alexandria University, Faculty of Science, Botany Department, Alexandria-Egypt
taia_taxonomy@hotmail.com
This work deals with the systematic relations of family Papaveraceae according to the new data
derived from molecular analysis. An overall view has been given to elucidate the taxonomic position of
the family within the basal eudicots. Characteristic features of all the group has been given with clear
view of the general features of the family and its taxonomic divisions. Complete list of the genera, as
listed by Royal Botanical Gardens in Kew has been added with summary of the recent phylogenetic
relationships of the family and its genera. Leaf and fruit morphological variations of 14 species
belonging to Papaveraceae s.s., 7 species belonging to Fumariaceae s.s. and two species from
Hypecoaceae s.s. have been studied to assess the new classification of the Papaveraceae s.l. with
complete description of their morphological variations and their position according to the new
classification of the family.
Eudicots,Magnoliopsida,Papaveraceae,Phylogeny,Ranunculales,Taxonomy
https://cat.journals.ekb.eg/article_18509.html
https://cat.journals.ekb.eg/article_18509_48cfeb21a84606745f9f454dee756d28.pdf
Egyptian Society for Environmental Sciences
Catrina: The International Journal of Environmental Sciences
1687-5052
2090-2786
3
1
2008
01
01
Current Status of the Flora of North Sinai: Losses and Gains
11
26
EN
Wafaa
Kamel
Botany Department, Faculty of Sciences, Suez Canal University, 41522 Ismailia, Egypt
Mohamed
Zaghloul
0000-0003-4828-210X
Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
zaghloul_mohamed@yahoo.com
Raafat
Abd El-Wahab
Botany Department, Faculty of Sciences, Suez Canal University, 41522 Ismailia, Egypt
raafat_hassan@yahoo.com
Abdel-Raouf
Moustafa
Botany Department, Faculty of Sciences, Suez Canal University, 41522 Ismailia, Egypt
Recent changes in floristic composition and structure in North Sinai due to human impact and
contemporary prevailing drought were studied. Three-hundred plots distributed in one-hundred sites were
sampled throughout the North Sinai covering different seasons of 2005 and 2006. Two-hundred and
eighty-one species were recorded belonging to 187 genera and 52 families. The collected species
included a new record to Egypt (Cyperus glaber) L., a new record to Sinai (Persicaria sengalensis
(Meisn.) Soják), and a new record to North Sinai (Eminium spiculatum (Blume) Schott subsp. negevensis
Koach & Feinbrun). The distribution of the recorded species was estimated quantitatively based on the
frequency of presence. The comparisons of the floristic composition and structure in present study with
earlier studies (1960s and 1970s) revealed that the flora of North Sinai has been changed dramatically in
the past 40-50 years. Four-hundred and fifty-one (62.3%) of previously recorded species were not
recorded in the present survey. Our study concluded that unless refugee sites would be established
representing different habitats in North Sinai, the documented change in floristic composition and
structure would be continue leading to more loss in flora of North Sinai.
Floristic composition and structure,North Sinai, temporal variation, human impact
https://cat.journals.ekb.eg/article_18510.html
https://cat.journals.ekb.eg/article_18510_88b79e17e013c137093f0eb62790b6e6.pdf
Egyptian Society for Environmental Sciences
Catrina: The International Journal of Environmental Sciences
1687-5052
2090-2786
3
1
2008
01
01
Cryopreservation of Sperm in Red Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)
27
30
EN
W.
Wan Khadijah
Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
wkhadi@um.edu.my
K.
Asmad
Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
R.
Abdullah
Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Cryopreservation of fish sperm is a valuable method for restoration of endangered species as well as a
technique for manipulation of reproduction for genetic improvement in fish. The objective of this study
was to determine the effect of equilibration time, vapour temperature and exposure time on postthawed
sperm motility characteristics in red tilapia. Semen was collected from matured male, diluted
using TCAYE extender in French straws (0.25 ml) and stored in liquid nitrogen tank. This research
involved a 3 x 4 x 4 factorial experiment consisting of 3 equilibration times (30, 45 or 60 minutes), 4
vapour temperatures (-70, -80, -90 or -100°C) and 4 exposure times (5, 7, 9 or 10 minutes). Sperm
movement and velocity distribution after frozen-thawed were evaluated using Automated Semen
Analyzer (IVOS, Hamilton-Thorne). The highest percent motility was obtained significantly (P ≤0.05)
when red tilapia fish sperm were equilibrated for 60 minutes (63.2±1.9%), vapourized at -80°C
(61.2±2.1%) and exposed for 10 minutes (57.6±2.0%). The results from this study on red tilapia fish
sperm diluted with TCAYE extender suggested that the optimal percent motilities of sperm could be
obtained from combination of 60 minutes equilibration time, -80°C of vapour temperature and 10
minutes of exposure time.
cryopreservation,Red Tilapia,sperm motility,equilibration,liquid nitrogen vapour
https://cat.journals.ekb.eg/article_18511.html
https://cat.journals.ekb.eg/article_18511_ffb419b8e97fd2d7abfe253ba901542d.pdf
Egyptian Society for Environmental Sciences
Catrina: The International Journal of Environmental Sciences
1687-5052
2090-2786
3
1
2008
01
01
Review of the Developmental Toxicity and Teratogenicity of Three Environmental Contaminants (Cadmium, Lead and Mercury)
31
43
EN
Yomn
Mobarak
Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Al-Taif University, Al-Taif, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
yomnmobarak@hotmail.com
Heavy metals are among a large number of substances that exert adverse effects on embryonic
development and human health. The large amount of heavy metals recently employed by modern
industry produces a gradual increase of their concentrations in water, soils, and food. Embryos and
fetuses are exposed every day to such toxic chemicals and other harmful substances in the air their
mothers breathe, the food their mothers eat, the water their mothers drink, even in their mothers’ milk.
Exposure to these health hazards is putting embryos and newborns at risk for dangerous diseases and
abnormal development. Even infant death and sudden infant death syndrome have been linked to toxic
air. Therefore, the objective of this article was to illustrate the spectrum of developmental toxicity and
teratogenicity (in experimental animals and human) resulting from exposure to cadmium, lead and
mercury. A bibliography of many papers from different journals was generated from which appropriate
data were presented. These data should provide a basis for predictions about types of malformations
that might be expected in further studies and for judging postulated heavy metal-induced human birth
defects. The following parameters were listed: 1) the developmental toxicity and teratogenicity of the
chosen heavy metals (cadmium, lead and mercury) in experimental animal and human embryos, fetuses
and newborns, 2) the mode of action and mechanism of their teratogenicity as well as the antagonism
of their-induced teratogenic effects, 3) their transfer through placenta and breast milk, and 4) their
bioaccumulation and toxicity in different body organs of vertebrates.
bioaccumulation,Developmental toxicity,Heavy metals,Placental transfer,Teratogenic effect
https://cat.journals.ekb.eg/article_18512.html
https://cat.journals.ekb.eg/article_18512_c9f7eab6bbd856cd27f12d9eef7aaf98.pdf
Egyptian Society for Environmental Sciences
Catrina: The International Journal of Environmental Sciences
1687-5052
2090-2786
3
1
2008
01
01
Optimization and Immobilization of α-amylase from Bacillus licheniformis
45
53
EN
Tarek
El-Banna
Microbiology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University
Ahmed
Abd-Aziz
Microbiology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University
Mohamed
Abou-Dobara
Botany Department (Microbiology), Faculty of Science, Mansoura University (Damiatta Branch),
New Damietta, Egypt
aboudobara@mans.edu.eg
Reham
Ibrahim
Microbiology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University
The production of α-amylase by Bacillus licheniformis was optimized. Maximum α-amylase
production could be achieved after an incubation period of 48 hrs, at 40 oC and pH 7.0. Starch (1 %)
was found to be the best carbon source among the tested carbohydrates. The organism grew well and
produced high levels of α-amylase using beef extract as a nitrogen source. The produced α-amylase
was immobilized on various carriers by different methods and the properties of the enzyme were
compared before and after immobilization. Compared to the free enzyme, the optimum pH after
immobilization enzyme changed to acidic range and the optimum reaction temperature was shifted
slightly to 70 - 80 0C. The thermal stability of the immobilized enzyme was found to be higher than
that of the free one. Among the tested salts, CaCl2 exerted a stimulating effect on the activity of α-
amylase.
Immobilization,α-amylase,Bacillus licheniformis
https://cat.journals.ekb.eg/article_18513.html
https://cat.journals.ekb.eg/article_18513_6bddacd51038d6372c7e810551752157.pdf
Egyptian Society for Environmental Sciences
Catrina: The International Journal of Environmental Sciences
1687-5052
2090-2786
3
1
2008
01
01
Farmers’ Knowledge on Macadamia Genetic Diversity in Kenya as a Means for in situ Conservation
55
60
EN
Lucy
Gitonga
Kenya Agricultural Research Institute, National Horticultural Resaerch Center, P.O Box 220, Thika
Department of Horticulture, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, P.O Box 00200-62000
lucygitonga2000@yahoo.com
Esther
Kahangi
Department of Horticulture, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, P.O Box 00200-62000
Anne
Muigai
Department of Botany, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, P.O Box 00200-62000
Kamau
Ngamau
Department of Horticulture, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, P.O Box 00200-62000
Simon
Gichuki
Kenya Agricultural Research Institute, Biotechnology Center, P.O Box 00200-57811, Nairobi
Evans
Mutuma
Kenya Agricultural Research Institute, National Horticultural Resaerch Center, P.O Box 220, Thika
Wilson
Cheluget
Kenya Agricultural Research Institute, National Horticultural Resaerch Center, P.O Box 220, Thika
Brown
Watiki
Kenya Agricultural Research Institute, National Horticultural Resaerch Center, P.O Box 220, Thika
Macadamia, a member of the family Proteaceae, is widely grown in Kenya as an alternative cash crop
to tea and coffee, but varieties adapted to different agro-ecological zones are still lacking. Macadamia
breeders require high genetic diversity to select and recombine favorable traits through cross-breeding
and hence the need for in situ conservation of existing germplasm. A survey was done to assess the
variability that exists in farmers’ field and how well they can differentiate between different
macadamia types and to locate valuable germplasm for further evaluation and conservation. A total of
185 farmers were interviewed using a semi-structured questionnaire and descriptive statistics was done
using statistical package for social sciences (SPSS). The survey results indicated that only 10.3% of the
respondents could differentiate Macadamia types, by species, among them only 2.8% could do so by
varieties, indicating a limited knowledge on Macadamia morphology. Nut characteristics (97.3%)
followed by leaf characteristics (88.0%) and yield (88.0%) were the morphological markers mostly
used by farmers. Detailed morphological and molecular characterization of some selected promising
accessions is ongoing. Hence, there is a need for farmers’ training on morphological markers that could
be used to select valuable Macadamia germplasm for conservation in situ.
Agro-ecological zones,Farmers’ knowledge,Genetic diversity,germplasm,in situ conservation,Macadamia,Morphological markers,Proteaceae,Kenya
https://cat.journals.ekb.eg/article_18514.html
https://cat.journals.ekb.eg/article_18514_54a93e7c3fd7f48269c86f0f1353413e.pdf
Egyptian Society for Environmental Sciences
Catrina: The International Journal of Environmental Sciences
1687-5052
2090-2786
3
1
2008
01
01
Cytogenetics Comparison of Cultivated and Wild Relatives of Genus Vigna in Egypt
61
70
EN
Magda
Soliman
Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Egypt
magdaisoliman@yahoo.com
Reda
Rizk
National Gene Bank, Ministry of Agriculture and Land Reclamation, Egypt
Noha
El-Eraky
Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Egypt
Cytogenetics and morphological studies have been conducted to compare between the cultivated and
wild relatives of the genus Vigna in Egypt. Eleven germplasms, representing three species of the genus
Vigna, were obtained from National Gene Bank (NGB), as well as collected taxa from natural habitats. In
general, the plant hairness, flower color, pod wall thickness, cotyledon color, seed color, eye pattern and
color, seed turgidity and seed crowding are the most important morphological attributes to distinguish
between two the subgenera, Vigna and Ceratotropis of the genus Vigna. All the studied Vigna
germplasms are diploid with twenty-two chromosomes in somatic cells. Germplasm of the subgenus
Ceratotropis recorded the highest interchromosomal asymmetry index (A2, 0.21 - 0.28) and only two
chromosome types (nsm(-) & nm) were recorded in the karyotype formula. Types and proportions of
mitotic abnormalities were recorded. The electrophoretic protein analysis showed twenty-six bands of
molecular weight ranging from 73 to 45.25 KD. The unique band of molecular weight 64.750 KD was
found to be specific to Vigna unguiculata subspecies unguiculata cv-group unguiculata cv. Fodder.
While the band of molecular weight 46.000 and 45.250 KD were specific to Vigna unguiculata
subspecies unguiculata cv-group unguiculata cv. Kafer El-Sheikh. These bands could be taken as a
positive marker for the two cultivars. Cluster analysis and PERMAP-Biplot between the studied eleven
germplasms of genus Vigna revealed the importance of helim colour (attribute 39), eye length (attribute
37), length of space between cotyledons (attribute 41), standard petal width (attribute 8), pod curvature
(attribute 18), polyploidy%, total chromosome volume (attribute 62), and chromosome radius (attribute
63) to split subgenus Vigna into two sections: Catiang and Vigna.
Cytogenetics,Electrophoresis,Vigna luteola,Vigna radiate,Vigna unguiculata
https://cat.journals.ekb.eg/article_18515.html
https://cat.journals.ekb.eg/article_18515_9a5bd83d0a146242a3fdd078b9133a0a.pdf
Egyptian Society for Environmental Sciences
Catrina: The International Journal of Environmental Sciences
1687-5052
2090-2786
3
1
2008
01
01
Degradation of Synthetic Aromatic Textile Dyes by Native Bacteria Isolated from Textile Mill sites
71
80
EN
Osama
Darwesh
Agricultural Microbiology Department, National Research Center, Cairo, Egypt
usamadarwesh@yahoo.com
Wafaa
Abd El-Rahim
Agricultural Microbiology Department, National Research Center, Cairo, Egypt
Olfat
Barakat
Microbiology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University
Mohamed
Sedik
Microbiology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University
Hassan
Moawad
Agricultural Microbiology Department, National Research Center, Cairo, Egypt
Hundred fifty bacterial isolates were obtained by enrichment culture from 12 samples collected from soil
contaminated with dye effluents and effluent treatment plants of textile and dyeing industry at New Borg
El-Arab, Cairo, Kafr El-Dawar, and El-Mehalla El-Kubra regions. The isolation of the microbial
consortium was conducted on mineral salts medium (MSM) supplemented with three dyes. The
microbial consortium was able to decolorize dyes, as evident by clearing the three azo dyes solutions
under anoxic and anaerobic conditions. The isolates were checked for their ability to decolorize direct
violet and reactive red dyes. The efficiency of the bacterial isolates in dye removal was investigated
under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. The study revealed that no decolorization has taken place by
isolates under aerobic conditions. The results revealed that the percentage of decolorization by the
isolates reached 98.52 and 97.95 % of the original color of direct violet and reactive red dyes after 9 and
15 days, respectively, under anaerobic conditions. Twenty five isolates were selected as representative
isolates based on the morphological and biochemical analyses. Two isolates are long rod, 6 isolates are
short rods, and seventeen isolates belong to family enterobacteraece. The characterization of bacteria
showed that the isolates belong to Bacillus and Pseudomonas sp. The degradation of the dyes is usually
judged by the formation of aromatic amines. Most of the isolates under anoxic conditions were found to
produce aromatic amines. This suggests the degradation of the dyes by the isolated bacteria.
Degradation,textile dyes removal,bioremediation,Bacteria
https://cat.journals.ekb.eg/article_18516.html
https://cat.journals.ekb.eg/article_18516_dbc4b818b88270a1faa034b0f90e8693.pdf
Egyptian Society for Environmental Sciences
Catrina: The International Journal of Environmental Sciences
1687-5052
2090-2786
3
1
2008
01
01
Ecological and Phytochemical Studies on Some Species of Genus Amaranthus in the Nile Delta, Egypt
81
91
EN
Ibrahim
Mashaly
Faculty of Science, mansoura university
iamashaly1950@yahoo.com
Mohamed
Abu-Ziada
Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Egypt
El-Sayed
El-Halawany
Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Egypt
Gehan
Masoud
Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Egypt
The present study deals with some features of ecology and phytochemistry of three Amaranthus
species, namely: Amaranthus graecizans, A. lividus and A. viridis which are naturally growing in the
Nile Delta region of Egypt. The composition of weed vegetation in the present investigation is
classified by cluster analysis into four groups: group A is codominated by Amaranthus graecizans and
Portulaca oleracea, group B is codominated by Amaranthus lividus and Cynodon dactylon, group C is
codominated by Alternanthera sessilis and Echinochloa crus-galli and group D is codominated by
Aster squamatus, Conyza bonariensis and Paspalum disticum. The ordination of the sampled stands
applied by Detrended Correspondence Analysis (DCA) indicated that, the recognized vegetation
groups are markedly distinguishable and having a clear pattern of segregation on the ordination plane.
The application of the Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) showed that, soil texture, porosity,
water-holding capacity, bicarbonate, sodium, soil reaction (pH), organic matter and electrical
conductivity are the most effective soil variables which correlate with the distribution and abundance
of weed vegetation in the study area. The seed germination under different levels of salinity, light,
temperature and humidity is studied for the three investigated species. Phytochemically, the mean
values of moisture, ash, total nitrogen, protein, total lipids, soluble sugars, glucose, sucrose,
polysaccharides and total carbohydrates were determined. The elementary analysis together with
qualitative and quantitative analyses of 16 amino acids were also carried out in the investigated plant
species.
Autecology,Phytochemistry,Amaranthus,Vegetation Analysis,seed germination
https://cat.journals.ekb.eg/article_18517.html
https://cat.journals.ekb.eg/article_18517_3144d49caa3e9016b89e7a76f4946c44.pdf
Egyptian Society for Environmental Sciences
Catrina: The International Journal of Environmental Sciences
1687-5052
2090-2786
3
1
2008
01
01
Groundwater Rising as Environmental Problem, Causes and Solutions: Case Study from Qus City, Qena, Egypt
93
99
EN
Fathy
Abdalla
Geology Department, Faculty of Science, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
fathyhyd@yahoo.com
Ismail
Ismail
Geology Department, Faculty of Science, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
Ahmed
Akawy
Geology Department, Faculty of Science, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
Abdelhady
Alakraby
Geology Department, Faculty of Science, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
Gamal
Kamal El-Din
Geology Department, Faculty of Science, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
A study of the groundwater rising in Qus city and its hazardous environmental impacts were studied.
The study focused on understanding and describing the mechanism by which waste water enters the
groundwater. The main environmental problems are architectural, social and healthy. Detailed
geoelectrical, topographical and brief hydrogeological analyses had been carried out. Three subsurface
geolectrical layers are recognized and their lithological counterparts are identified. The daily seepage
from latrines may represent the main contributor of groundwater rising in the shallow aquifer.
Moreover, seepage from irrigation canals and the municipal water supply system leakages further raise
the groundwater level. The depth of groundwater table attains 0.50 m in the low-lying southeastern
areas and 5.50 m in western areas towards the Nile. The groundwater quality grades from fresh to
brackish water where the total dissolved solids ranges from 289 mg/l to 2129 mg/l. The completion of
the city sewerage network and a dewatering system in the southeastern parts may be suggested as a
solution to overcome the problem.
drains,Environmental Impact,Groundwater Level,geoelectrical Layer,Latrines,Seepage,Sewerage,waste water
https://cat.journals.ekb.eg/article_18518.html
https://cat.journals.ekb.eg/article_18518_64e97371abdd1334c9542f10a2f12fdb.pdf
Egyptian Society for Environmental Sciences
Catrina: The International Journal of Environmental Sciences
1687-5052
2090-2786
3
1
2008
01
01
Rhizosphere Microbiota and Frankia-Casuarina Symbiosis
101
110
EN
Waiel
Sayed
Department of Botany, Faculty of Science at Qena, South Valley University, 83523 Qena, Egypt
farghaly11@lycos.com
Hamdy
Zahran
Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Beni Suef University, Egypt
Wesam
Salem
Department of Botany, Faculty of Science at Qena, South Valley University, 83523 Qena, Egypt
Four Frankia strains were used to inoculate three Casuarina species in sterilized and unsterilized soils.
Plants were analyzed for their growth performance as well as their enzymatic activities after three months
of inoculation. Catalase, lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde), free amino acids, and proline were
measured for the treated plants after three months of inoculation. Only nodulation and plant performance
were determined after three, six, and nine months of inoculation. The magnitude of plant performance
was as follows: uninoculated plants in unsterilized soil ≥ inoculated plants in unsterilized soil >
inoculated plants in sterilized soil. The indigenous Frankia populations may be more adapted to benefit
from the intact soil biota found in the unsterilized soils than the introduced Frankia strains except in few
treatments. The increase in catalase (CAT) and decrease in malondialdehyde (MDA) and proline content
of plants in unsterilized soil indicate that indigenous Frankia, in combination with other accompanying
microorganisms, are more beneficial for plant performance. Soil biotic community may produce the
required factors for plant protection and successful growth conditions, in combination with the
indigenous infective and effective Frankia strains.
Antioxidant enzymes,Casuarina (Casuarinaceae),Frankia (Frankiaceae),microbiota,nodulation,rhizosphere,symbiosis,unstreilized soil
https://cat.journals.ekb.eg/article_18519.html
https://cat.journals.ekb.eg/article_18519_14fc7dada022df846be617869f571bd1.pdf
Egyptian Society for Environmental Sciences
Catrina: The International Journal of Environmental Sciences
1687-5052
2090-2786
3
1
2008
01
01
Length-Weight Relationships and Monthly Variations in Body Weights and Condition Indices of Two Clam's Species; Venerupis aurea and Tapes decussata in Lake Timsah, Egypt
111
124
EN
Kandeel
Kandeel
Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Fayoum University, 63514 Fayoum, Egypt
kandeel_hashem76@yahoo.com
Both Venerupis aurea and Tapes decussata are commercially exploited bivalves, and their populations
have been severely declining in Lake Timash (Suez Canal, Egypt). Weight-length relationships and
monthly changes in body weights and condition in relation to water temperature and gonadal cycle
were studied for the two bivalves in this lake. All regressions between body weight and shell length
showed higher determination coefficients (R2). Total weight and shell weight of the two clams
increased isometrically with length in most months. Both flesh weight and dry flesh weight indicated
negative allometric and isometric relationships to length in most monthly samples of V. aurea and T.
decussata, respectively. Body condition was evaluated through three condition indices (CI). Results
showed that digestive gland weight of the two species is a good index for body condition. Variations in
body weights and the condition indices showed no clear seasonal pattern. Changes in gonad weight and
condition indices did not appear to be related to temperature fluctuation. However, temperature
correlated negatively with flesh weight of V. aurea (R=-0.617, P<0.05) and T. decussata (R=-0.826
P<0.0005). Although a non-significant correlation was observed between gonad weight and body
condition, a clear decline of CI1 and CI2 was found during spawning periods of the two clams. The
highest CI3 value of 3.63 in August 2004 for V. aurea and of 3.45 in November 2004 for T. decussata
occurred as a prelude to major spawning.
allometric growth,body weight,condition index,Lake Timsah,monthly variation,Temperature,Veneridae,Tapes decussata,Venerupis aurea
https://cat.journals.ekb.eg/article_18520.html
https://cat.journals.ekb.eg/article_18520_c8aa4e55082f286b44ed3ebea85f826a.pdf
Egyptian Society for Environmental Sciences
Catrina: The International Journal of Environmental Sciences
1687-5052
2090-2786
3
1
2008
01
01
Use of Photorhabdus as a biopesticide a- Cell suspension from Photorhabdus sp. against Galleria mellonella insect
125
129
EN
Fatma
Abd El-Zaher
Agricultural Microbiology Department, National Research Center, Cairo, Egypt
fatimaom_nrc@yahoo.com
Hussieny
Abd El-Maksoud
Agricultural Microbiology Department, National Research Center, Cairo, Egypt
Mahfouz
Abd-Elgawad
Nematology laboratory, phytopathology Department, National Research Center, Cairo, Egypt
Integrated Pest Management (IPM) is today a widely accepted strategy for reducing overdependence
on chemical insecticides and to reduce their potentially negative environmental and economic effects.
Photorhabdus is a gram-negative enteric bacterium that is found in association with entomopathogenic
nematodes of the family Heterorhabditidae. The nematodes infect a variety of soil insect pests. Upon
entering an insect host, the nematode releases Photorhabdus spp. cells from its intestinal tract, and the
bacteria quickly establish a lethal septicemia. When grown in yeast salt broth, in the absence of the
nematodes, the bacteria produce a toxin protein that is lethal when fed to the hemolymph of several
insect species. Broth cultures of five isolates of Photorhabdus (A, B, C, D, E) were lethal to the
nymphs of Galleria mellonella when mixed different concentrations (5,10 and 20 ml) from suspension
bacterial cell with two kind of media (wheat bran and fine sand) as compared to broth alone (control).
Results obtained showed that, after one day the mortality reached 100 % on sand inoculated with 20 ml
cells suspension of the isolates A, C and D. A hyperbolic relationship was observed between different
isolates, type of media, doses and time intervals. These bacterial cells were also recovered from the
abdominal haemocoele indicating that bacterial symbionts do have a free-living existence and can enter
in the haemocoele in the absence of nematode vector.
Photorhabdus,Galleria,Biopesticide
https://cat.journals.ekb.eg/article_18521.html
https://cat.journals.ekb.eg/article_18521_20dc63a66c0e0452cc41551b0404d9b1.pdf
Egyptian Society for Environmental Sciences
Catrina: The International Journal of Environmental Sciences
1687-5052
2090-2786
3
1
2008
01
01
Natural Resources Assessment of Wadi El-Gemal Basin, Red Sea, Egypt
131
139
EN
Farrage
Khaleal
Nuclear Materials Authority, P O 530 El Maadi, Cairo, Egypt
farraggeo@yahoo.com
Falham
Oraby
Nuclear Materials Authority, P O 530 El Maadi, Cairo, Egypt
Fathy
Abdalla
Geology Department, Faculty of Science, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
fathyhyd@yahoo.com
Mamdouh
Hassan
Nuclear Materials Authority, P O 530 El Maadi, Cairo, Egypt
Natural resources such as water, rocks, agricultural soil, flora, and fauna are very essential for any type
of development. The present study deals with the natural resources in Wadi. El Gemal Basin (WGB).
To achieve this goal, geomorphology, natural hazards and natural resources are investigated. From
quantitative analysis of the drainage basin, the relief features of WGB are differentiated into second
and third order features. Suitability of groundwater quality for different purposes was investigated by
analysis of four water samples represent the whole water wells. The results of the hydrochemical
analysis showed that water types are sodium-chloride in W. El Gemal and Hofifit wells and sodiumsulphate
in Hafafit and Um Ghannam wells. Water wells of Um Ghannam and W. El Gemal are
suitable for drinking and domestic purposes but after conducting microbiological analyse. The soil in
the flat areas within the basin is very suitable for raising crops and trees. Construction materials in the
form of sand and gravels are available in WGB. Natural vegetations such as Avicennia marina, etc., are
growing widely in the area. The common fauna in WGB are reptiles, birds, mammals and scorpions.
As a conclusion, WGB is a convenient location for settlement and developing programs in the Red Sea.
Groundwater,Natural hazards,Natural Resources,Wadi El Gemal,water quality
https://cat.journals.ekb.eg/article_18522.html
https://cat.journals.ekb.eg/article_18522_97f902ed3c18219f01577e4d8b89c0ac.pdf