@article { author = {El-Sakka, Sahar and Soliman, Mohamed and Abdullah, Rokaia}, title = {Synthesis and Reactions of Some Thiazole Derivatives}, journal = {Catrina: The International Journal of Environmental Sciences}, volume = {8}, number = {1}, pages = {1-4}, year = {2013}, publisher = {Egyptian Society for Environmental Sciences}, issn = {1687-5052}, eissn = {2090-2786}, doi = {10.12816/0010669}, abstract = {A series of novel 2-aminothiazole derivatives (3a-e) has been synthesized by the reaction of 4-[4- methoxy-3-methylphenyl]-4-oxobutenoic acid (1) with thiourea derivatives (2a-e). The thiazolopyridazine derivatives (4a-c) and (5) were obtained from the reaction of 4-hydroxy-1,3-thiazole (3a-e) with hydrazine and phenylhydrazine, respectively. The behavior of the 4-hydroxy-1,3-thiazole (3a-e) toward acetic anhydride and bromine was also studied. The proposed structures of the products were based on microanalytical and spectroscopic data.}, keywords = {β-Aroylacrylic Acid,thiazole,Thiazolopyridazine,thiourea}, url = {https://cat.journals.ekb.eg/article_17891.html}, eprint = {https://cat.journals.ekb.eg/article_17891_069642193bc3989bb751e64ad6641853.pdf} } @article { author = {Al.assawi, Ibrahim and Eldurrutt, Fatma and Alssammo, Ali and Alcrami, Rabeeh}, title = {Monitoring of chloride concentration in ground water of Sekket and Thomina areas, Misurata, Libya: correlation with some physical Parameters}, journal = {Catrina: The International Journal of Environmental Sciences}, volume = {8}, number = {1}, pages = {5-9}, year = {2013}, publisher = {Egyptian Society for Environmental Sciences}, issn = {1687-5052}, eissn = {2090-2786}, doi = {10.12816/0010670}, abstract = {Chloride concentration in ground water samples was determined in ten sites of misurata zone (Sekket and Thomina areas). Sekket area considered one of the most important areas which provide Misurata city with drinking water, since Misurata zone is coastal zone and it relies on ground water as the main water source.Sixty random samples were collected from Sekket and Thomina and analysed for chloride content along with temperature,pH, electrical conductivity (E.C.) and total dissolved solids (T.D.S.)Chloride concentration detected in ground water of the studied sites varied between310.11- 819.6 mgl-1for Sekket andbetween1120.5- 2118.07 mgl-1for Thomina area. Ground water samples contain high concentration of chloride compared to WHO permissible limit. For Sekket area, it’s noticed that the chloride level is relatively constant in some spots compared to previous records from 1982 to 1987.Chlorideconcentration in relation with some other physical parameters was investigated.}, keywords = {chloride,ground water sample,Libya,monitoring ground water,physico-chemical parameters}, url = {https://cat.journals.ekb.eg/article_17980.html}, eprint = {https://cat.journals.ekb.eg/article_17980_964ce7511b8d48dedddef6aa84818548.pdf} } @article { author = {Azab, Hassan and Hussein, Belal and Fathalla, Walid and Arabi, Sherin}, title = {Spectroscopic Studies for the Interaction of Eu(III)- 3-oxo-3H-benzo-[f]chromene-2- Carboxylic Acid with Nucleosides, Nucleotides or DNA}, journal = {Catrina: The International Journal of Environmental Sciences}, volume = {8}, number = {1}, pages = {11-19}, year = {2013}, publisher = {Egyptian Society for Environmental Sciences}, issn = {1687-5052}, eissn = {2090-2786}, doi = {10.12816/0010671}, abstract = {The absorption and fluorescence measurements are performed for the interaction of Eu(III) with synthesized coumarin derivative 3-oxo-3H-benzo[f]chromene-2-carboxylic acid (BCCA) in different solvents. The results showed that the most suitable solvents for tracing the emission bands for Eu(III) are methanol and DMSO. Confirmation of the formation of binary and ternary complexes Eu(III)- (BCCA), Eu(III)-(BCCA)-(NS), Eu(III)-(BCCA)-NU nucleosides (NS)= Adenosine, Guanosine, Inosine and Cytidine, nucleotides (NU)=5'-GMP, 5'-ATP and 5'-IMP in solution has been studied using UV-visible spectroscopic and luminescence measurements. Also the interaction of the binary complex Eu(III)-(BCCA) is performed with DNA using the same techniques. The binding parameters of the binary complex with DNA and its compartments are calculated and the mode of interaction with DNA is evaluated.}, keywords = {Binding parameters,Fluorescence Measurements,Nucleosides,Nucleotides}, url = {https://cat.journals.ekb.eg/article_17981.html}, eprint = {https://cat.journals.ekb.eg/article_17981_7c72692b56e5aaa37d15741e59fc2306.pdf} } @article { author = {Salman, Ashraf and Azzazy, Mohamed}, title = {Pollen Grains Indicators to Plant Habitat Conditions at Some Arid Regions Sadat Area Egypt}, journal = {Catrina: The International Journal of Environmental Sciences}, volume = {8}, number = {1}, pages = {21-28}, year = {2013}, publisher = {Egyptian Society for Environmental Sciences}, issn = {1687-5052}, eissn = {2090-2786}, doi = {10.12816/0010672}, abstract = {Nine profiles were studied at Sadat desert area. Xerophytes growing during rainy season represent the common plant cover. The studied soil samples revealed that soils contain high alkalinity, and sandy texture. Palenological studies of the present and the past vegetation (in soil profile strata) revealed the presence of pollen of seventeen families, twelve belonging to present cover ( Poaceae, Typhaceae, Tamaricaceae, Cyperaceae, Chenopodiaceae, Fabaceae, Apiaceae, Lamiaceae, Cruciferae, Plantaginacea, Convolvulaceae and Asteraceae) of present day, while five families recorded at the deep layers of the profiles not represented in the surface layers (Juncaceae, Caryophyllaceae, Oleaceae, Cucrbitaceae, and Geraniaceae). Also eleven families were represented in the lower layers and uppermost ones. Ecological changes took place in the uppermost layer of the profile, changing into desert habitat. This may be due to climatic changes and man interference.}, keywords = {Arid habitats,Climate Change,Palynology,Sadat area Egypt,Xerophytes pollen}, url = {https://cat.journals.ekb.eg/article_17983.html}, eprint = {https://cat.journals.ekb.eg/article_17983_b4b3f976440590c41b48b85bf4787e6d.pdf} } @article { author = {Ali, Mahmoued}, title = {Improving irrigation Schedules and Identify Standards By Using KATENA Model}, journal = {Catrina: The International Journal of Environmental Sciences}, volume = {8}, number = {1}, pages = {29-33}, year = {2013}, publisher = {Egyptian Society for Environmental Sciences}, issn = {1687-5052}, eissn = {2090-2786}, doi = {10.12816/0010673}, abstract = {Models can be used for such a purposes to enable rapid and extensive condition testing. The current study is carried out to adaption mathematical model called KATENA to calculate the irrigation requirements under Egyptian conditions. Model use input data about climate, soil and plant parameters. Our study specified in metrological information for five stations in Egypt for 10 years and five kinds of fruit trees. By calculating the irrigation rate using different values of soil moisture content in the period of vegetation and non-vegetation show that the best value of pre-irrigation humidity are 0.65 and 0.75 and the optimum is 0.82%.}, keywords = {irrigation management,Irrigation schedule,Katina model}, url = {https://cat.journals.ekb.eg/article_17984.html}, eprint = {https://cat.journals.ekb.eg/article_17984_ae08f428093cd0dc1f7273e131801706.pdf} } @article { author = {Toumi, Naji and Hussein, Belal and rafrafi, Sarra and kassas, Neama}, title = {Dissolved Nitrogen Survey in Groundwater Resources in Al-Ula village, Madina El Monawara, Saudi Arabia}, journal = {Catrina: The International Journal of Environmental Sciences}, volume = {8}, number = {1}, pages = {35-40}, year = {2013}, publisher = {Egyptian Society for Environmental Sciences}, issn = {1687-5052}, eissn = {2090-2786}, doi = {10.12816/0010674}, abstract = {Nitrogen contents contamination of groundwater is the subject of interest because of their hazard potential to human health. A water quality study was carried out on groundwater wells, which serves as drinking water sources in rural communities, in Al-Ula village of Madina El Monawara region, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The ammonia (NH3), nitrate (NO3 -) and nitrite (NO2 -) contents of water samples collected from 10 wells and 3 water sources were estimated using spectrophotometric techniques. Water samples were collected monthly from April 2012 to March 2013 and analyzed for different forms of nitrogen in water samples. Results showed that the mean concentration of ammonia, nitrate, and nitrite ranged from 0.042 to 0.0 mg/l, 2.6 to 0.6 mg/l, and 0.23 to 0.003 mg/l, respectively. The concentrations of nitrogen contents in the water samples were within the permissible limits of the World Health Organization (WHO) drinking water quality guidelines and Saudi Arabia Standards Organization (SASO). Therefore, our conclusion showed that these water resources are safe for human use.}, keywords = {Al Ula,ammonia,Groundwater,nitrate,nitrite,Saudi Arabia}, url = {https://cat.journals.ekb.eg/article_17985.html}, eprint = {https://cat.journals.ekb.eg/article_17985_485fcec1a12d14b3a3e4f1298076a48e.pdf} } @article { author = {Badr, El-Sayed and El-Sonbati, Mervat and Nassef, Hossam}, title = {Water Quality Assessment in the Nile River, Damietta Branch, Egypt}, journal = {Catrina: The International Journal of Environmental Sciences}, volume = {8}, number = {1}, pages = {41-50}, year = {2013}, publisher = {Egyptian Society for Environmental Sciences}, issn = {1687-5052}, eissn = {2090-2786}, doi = {10.12816/0010762}, abstract = {Water is one of the most important inputs for economic development. Management of water quality and control of water pollution and environmental protection are major issues to sustain living conditions. Recently, pollution of the Nile has increased due to increasing of population and related anthropogenic activities. Moreover, Egypt has been listed among the ten countries to be scarce of water by the year 2025 due to the rapidly increasing population. In this study, evaluation of water quality was carried out at two different governorates Dakahlia and Damietta. To evaluate the water quality of the Nile River- Damietta branch, twenty four water samples have been collected and analyzed for its physico-chemical characteristics including some heavy metals. Data obtained revealed the presence of high concentration of BOD, COD, ammonia, nitrite, nitrate and phosphate as well as dissolved organic matter in the Nile at Damietta district compared to Dakahlia district. In the mean time, measured heavy metals (Fe, Mn and Pb) were recorded in high concentration than permissible limits of Egyptian and WHO standards. Consequently, concentrations of major chemical elements in the Nile water were correlated with the distance downstream from the source of the river, with water in the upstream reaches of good quality, but were relatively polluted at the estuary, supported by the results of water quality index (WQI). Therefore, evaluation of water quality and its management is in need to be done at regular intervals.}, keywords = {Damietta Branch,DOC,DON,Nile River,Nutrients,water quality}, url = {https://cat.journals.ekb.eg/article_17986.html}, eprint = {https://cat.journals.ekb.eg/article_17986_d5e47b04849f72357f04ecb15e57fe10.pdf} } @article { author = {Al-Sodany, Yassin and El-Sheikh, Mohamed and Baraka, Dina and Shaltout, Kamal}, title = {Elements Accumulation and Nutritive Value of Phragmites Australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steudel in Lake Burullus: A Ramsar site, Egypt}, journal = {Catrina: The International Journal of Environmental Sciences}, volume = {8}, number = {1}, pages = {51-63}, year = {2013}, publisher = {Egyptian Society for Environmental Sciences}, issn = {1687-5052}, eissn = {2090-2786}, doi = {10.12816/0010675}, abstract = {The present study aims to assess the role of Phragmites australis in the accumulation of elements and nutritive value to test its suitability to use as a potential forage plant for cattle, goats and sheep in lake Burullus, Egypt. Different plant organs were collected from the sampling sites for estimating seven heavy metals (Mn, Pb, Co, Cu, Cd, Zn, and Fe) and six nutrients (Na, K, Ca, Mg, P and N) as well as the physical and chemical characteristics of water. In addition, seven organic constituents (total ash, carbohydrates, total lipids, crude fibers, crude protein, digestible crude protein and total digestible nutrients) were estimated, and three nutritive values (digestible energy, metabolized energy, net and gross energy) were calculated. The results revealed that an increase in heavy metals accumulation in the rhizome and decreased in the order of rhizome > stem > leaves. Moreover, positive linear relationships were found between these heavy metal concentrations in plant organs and those in water. Thus P. australis can serve as a good accumulator and bioindicator of heavy metals in the polluted water bodies. On the other hand, the nutrients are decreased in the order of stems > leaves > rhizomes. The leaves had the highest total ash, crude protein, digestible crude protein, digestible energy, metabolized energy and net energy, while the stems had the highest total carbohydrates and crude fibers. Therefore, the results revealed that the underground rhizomes had the ability to accumulate heavy metals and thereby used as a phytoremediator; while its aboveground parts had the highest nutrient and nutritive values, which consider the plant as good forage for animals.}, keywords = {bioaccumulation,common reed,Forage plant,Heavy metals,Phytoremediation}, url = {https://cat.journals.ekb.eg/article_17987.html}, eprint = {https://cat.journals.ekb.eg/article_17987_dbf917fed9931bddf816a55e83847b9d.pdf} } @article { author = {Abd El-Fattah, Mohy El-Din and Soliman, Aida and Mohammed, Omayma}, title = {Physicochemical Properties and Molecular Mechanics of Some Thiohydantoin Derivatives Complexes.}, journal = {Catrina: The International Journal of Environmental Sciences}, volume = {8}, number = {1}, pages = {65-74}, year = {2013}, publisher = {Egyptian Society for Environmental Sciences}, issn = {1687-5052}, eissn = {2090-2786}, doi = {10.12816/0010676}, abstract = {The organic ligands Cinnamaldehydethiosemicarbazone(1), 3-(3-Phenyl-allylideneamino)-2-thioxoimidazolidine- 4-one (2), [4-Oxo-3-(3-phenyl-allylideneamino)-2-thioxo-imidazolidin-1-yl]-acetic acid (3), 1-(1-aza-4-phenylbuta-1,3-dienyl)-2-methylthio-2-imidazolin-5-one (4) and 1-(1-aza-4-phenylbuta- 1,3-dienyl)-2-methylthio-2-imidazolin-5-one (5) were prepared and characterized using spectroscopic and physico-chemical methods (Scheme 1). The modeling of the synthesized compounds (1 and 2) and the computation of the steric, Van der Waals, bending and stretching energy were calculated using the Molecular Mechanical method (MM2) using CS cheme Office program. For each conformation of the synthesized compounds (1, 2), the minimum energy one was determined and listed. The complexes of the compound 1 and 2 with Zn(II), Cu(II) and Ni(II) were prepared and characterized. The postulated spatial arrangements have been confirmed using the molecular modeling program, elemental analysis (CHNM %), conductance, IR, thermal analysis and mass spectra.}, keywords = {complexes,Molecular mechanics,Thiohydantoin,Thermal analysis}, url = {https://cat.journals.ekb.eg/article_17988.html}, eprint = {https://cat.journals.ekb.eg/article_17988_ec100c9158be8ccf0adbebc931f91c98.pdf} } @article { author = {Aly, Hala}, title = {Ameliorating Role of Nitric Oxide in Germinating Mung Bean Seeds (Vigna Radiata) Under Lead Stress}, journal = {Catrina: The International Journal of Environmental Sciences}, volume = {8}, number = {1}, pages = {75-85}, year = {2013}, publisher = {Egyptian Society for Environmental Sciences}, issn = {1687-5052}, eissn = {2090-2786}, doi = {10.12816/0010677}, abstract = {Protective role of nitric oxide (NO) on seed germination and growth was studied in mung bean seeds (Vigna radiata) subjected to lead (Pb) stress. Germination percentage was increased up to 50 μM sodium nitroprusside (SNP) and then steady declined. Under lead stress, and absence of SNP, percentage of germination, fresh biomass, succulent value and the activity of α-amylase and protease as well as HATPase were significantly decreased. This was accompanied with a significant increase of hydrogen peroxide and malondialdhyde accumulation, catalase and guiacol peroxidase activities. Furthermore, total phenolic compounds as well as some individual phenolic acids were increased in a dose-dependent manner of lead. The protein pattern showed appearance of stress protein with M. M. of 110, 97 and 21 KDa at various lead stresses. Moreover, supplementation of SNP, as source of NO, increased fresh biomass, succulent values and enhanced the activities of H-ATPase, α- amylase, protease, catalase and guiacol peroxidase in lead stressed germinating bean seeds, whereas reduced the lead-induced increase in lead, hydrogen peroxide, malondialdhyde and phenolics accumulation. A new stress protein with M.M. 65 KDa was appeared in all lead stressed seedlings in presence of SNP. Taken together these results suggest that SNP could increase antioxidant capability in mung bean seeds leading to an improvement in the plasma membrane integrity and enhancement of the activities of hydrolytic enzymes and hence, an ameliorating role against the inhibitory impact of this toxicant on the germination and growth of mung bean seeds under lead stress}, keywords = {α -Amylase,Antioxidant enzymes,H-Atpase,Lead,Mung Bean,Phenolic compounds,Protease,SNP}, url = {https://cat.journals.ekb.eg/article_17989.html}, eprint = {https://cat.journals.ekb.eg/article_17989_e5de6bc9121f21b5205ab362adaf1c92.pdf} } @article { author = {El-Bakary, Neveen and Ibrahim, Adel and Abd-Allah, Gamal and El-Naby, Sobhy and Deef, Lamiaa E. Deef}, title = {Comparative Histological and Ultrastructural Studies on Lung of The Egyptian Hoopoe (Upupa epops major) and The European Hoopoe (Upupa epops epops)}, journal = {Catrina: The International Journal of Environmental Sciences}, volume = {8}, number = {1}, pages = {101-106}, year = {2013}, publisher = {Egyptian Society for Environmental Sciences}, issn = {1687-5052}, eissn = {2090-2786}, doi = {10.12816/0010679}, abstract = {The lung of birds is the most complex and efficient gas exchanger that has evolved in the air-breathing vertebrates. Lung tissues of the Egyptian hoopoe (upupa epops major) and the European hoopoe (upupa epops epops) which inhabit Damietta governorate in Egypt were subjected to comparative histological and ultrastructural studies. The results showed that the number and shape of the parabronchus, the form of the infundibula as well as the air capillaries (Acs) and the blood capillaries (Bcs) were also differed. The blood gas-barrier (BGB) was thinner in the European hoopoe (migratory species) than that of the Egyptian hoopoe (resident species). The lung of the European hoopoe is very efficient because of the presence of an extremely thin blood gas barrier than that of the Egyptian hoopoe. This could be attributed to the requirement of enormous energy by the European hoopoe which flies for longer distances, and might indicate that the lung components are correlated with the metabolic demands that are in turn set by the behavior and life style of the animal}, keywords = {Birds,histology,Hoopoes,Lungs,Ultrastructure}, url = {https://cat.journals.ekb.eg/article_17991.html}, eprint = {https://cat.journals.ekb.eg/article_17991_b5af1e204de2b7ff2f72bb828d7c9da7.pdf} } @article { author = {Ismail, Aziza and Hassan, Mohamed and Abdelfattah, Mohy and Hassan, Fathallah}, title = {Paraoxonase Activity as a Biochemical Indicator of Dyslipidaemia in Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 and Ischemic Heart Disease}, journal = {Catrina: The International Journal of Environmental Sciences}, volume = {8}, number = {1}, pages = {107-113}, year = {2013}, publisher = {Egyptian Society for Environmental Sciences}, issn = {1687-5052}, eissn = {2090-2786}, doi = {10.12816/0012050}, abstract = {Mammalian paraoxonases (PONs) are a group of enzymes of calcium-dependent, esterases consisting of Paraoxonase-1, 2 and 3 Paraoxonase. But, PON1 has the dominant PON activity in blood. It is synthesized by the liver and found in the circulation associated with high-density lipoproteins (HDL). It protects low density lipoprotein (LDL) and HDL from lipid peroxidation. Alterations in circulating PON1 level have been reported in a variety of diseases involving oxidative stress including non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) and ischemic heart disease (IHD). The aim of this work has been planned to demonstrate PON1 activity in different diseases associated with dyslipidemia as NIDDM and IHD. This study was carried out on 20 Patients with NIDDM (NIDDM group) and 20 patients admitted to the Cardiac Care Unite with IHD (IHD group) in addition to 20 healthy subjects free from any disease as control group. All groups were selected from Suez Canal University Hospital. They were subjected to full history tacking and assay of fasting blood sugar, lipid profile and liver function tests using colorimetric methods. In addition, PON1 activity was measured using paraoxon as a substrat and apolipoprotein A1 (ApoA1) was measured using nephlometric method.Our results showed that patients with NIDDM and IHD had higher BMI, they were dyslipidemic where cholesterol, triglycerides and low density lipoprotein were higher and HDL was lower in the two patients groups compared to the control. In addition PON1 activity and ApoA1 were decreased in the two patients groups compared to the control. A positive correlation was found between PON1 and ApoA1 in the two patient's groups.Conclusions: PON1 activity and ApoA1 were reduced in Diabetes mellitus and Ischemic heart disease patients compared to the controls. Dyslipidemia is associated with patients of mentioned diseases with higher body mass index.}, keywords = {Apolipoprotein A1,dyslipidemia,Non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus,Ischemic heart disease,Oxidative stress, Paraoxonase1}, url = {https://cat.journals.ekb.eg/article_17992.html}, eprint = {https://cat.journals.ekb.eg/article_17992_8ec73c86d3643c28ef75c08bbb315455.pdf} } @article { author = {Hassan, Mohamed and Abdelfattah, Mohy and Ismail, Aziza and Hassan, Fathallah}, title = {Paraoxonase Activity in Cirrhotic and Non Alcoholic Steatohepatitis Patients}, journal = {Catrina: The International Journal of Environmental Sciences}, volume = {8}, number = {1}, pages = {115-122}, year = {2013}, publisher = {Egyptian Society for Environmental Sciences}, issn = {1687-5052}, eissn = {2090-2786}, doi = {10.12816/0010680}, abstract = {Paraoxonase-1 (PON1) is an esterase and lactonase synthesized by the liver and found in the circulation associated with high-density lipoproteins (HDL). The physiological function of PON1 seems to degrade specific oxidized cholesteryl esters and oxidized phospholipids in lipoproteins and cell membranes. Alterations in circulating PON1 levels have been reported in a variety of diseases involving oxidative stress including chronic liver diseases. The aim of this work has been planned to demonstrate: the PON1 activity in cirrhosis and non alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). This study was carried out on 40 Patients from Internal Medicine clinic, Suez Canal University Hospital, divided in two groups; 20 patients suffering from cirrhosis (Cirrhosis group) and 20 patients suffering from NASH (NASH group) in addition to 20 healthy subjects free from any disease as control group. Fasting blood sugar, lipid profile and liver function tests were performed in all groups using colorimetric methods, PON1 activity was measured colorimetri-cally using paraoxon as a substrate and apolipoprotein A1(ApoA1) using nephlometric method. PON1 activity and ApoA1 levels were significantly decreased in cirrhosis and NASH patients compared to controls. Cirrhotic patients demonstrated normal lipid profile compared to their controls except HDL which demonstrated low levels while dyslipidemia was demonstrated in NASH patients. High levels of ALT and AST were demonstrated in the two patients groups with low levels of albumin and high levels of total and direct bilirubin in cirrhotic patients only compared to the controls. PON1 activity was found positively correlated with ApoA1 in the two patients groups while it was found positively correlated with HDL and negatively correlated with LDL in NASH group only. PON1activity and ApoA1were significantly reduced in cirrhosis and NASH patients compared to their controls. Dyslipidemia is associated with patients of NASH. A positive correlation was seen between PON1 activity and Apo A1 in the two discussed diseases.}, keywords = {ApoA1,Cirrhosis,dyslipidemia,Oxidative Stress,NASH,PON1}, url = {https://cat.journals.ekb.eg/article_17993.html}, eprint = {https://cat.journals.ekb.eg/article_17993_65af5179a4d7ede72b9d8eeb0135a485.pdf} }